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Key sections from major Indian laws — plain English + Hindi explanation.
पिछली सज़ा
Original Text
Whoever has been convicted of an offence punishable under Chapter XII or XVI of this Code and is afterwards convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment for life, shall be punished with imprisonment for life.
Plain Language Explanation
Repeat offenders of serious crimes (theft, robbery, dacoity, kidnapping, murder, etc.) get enhanced punishment. Life imprisonment becomes mandatory.
गैरकानूनी सभा
Original Text
An assembly of five or more persons is designated an unlawful assembly, if the common object is to overthrow the Government, resist public authority, commit mischief, or commit any offence.
Plain Language Explanation
5 ya zyada logon ka group jo common object ke liye jama ho — government girana, authority resist karna, ya offence karna — wo unlawful assembly hai.
हथियारबंद गैरकानूनी सभा
Original Text
Whoever is a member of an unlawful assembly armed with any deadly weapon shall be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.
Plain Language Explanation
Agar unlawful assembly ke member ke paas deadly weapon hai (gun, sword, lathi) toh 2 saal ki saza ho sakti hai.
हत्या की सज़ा
Original Text
Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.
Plain Language Explanation
Murder mein do sazaayein hain: maut ki saza (death penalty) ya aajeevan kaaragwaastr (life imprisonment). Fine bhi laga sakta hai.
हत्या न होने वाला आपराधिक मृत्युकारिता
Original Text
Whoever commits culpable homicide not amounting to murder shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment up to 10 years, and fine.
Plain Language Explanation
Jab kisi ki maut hoti hai lekin intention murder ka nahi tha (negligence ya loss of control), toh yeh section lagta hai.
लापरवाही से मृत्यु कारित
Original Text
Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment up to 5 years, and fine.
Plain Language Explanation
Doctor ki negligence se patient ki death, ya rash driving se death — yeh section lagta hai. Maximum 5 saal saza.
बलात्संग
Original Text
A man is said to commit rape when he has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances as described in seven clauses of this section.
Plain Language Explanation
IPC 375 rape define karta hai. Consent ke bina, ya consent di ho toh bhi usse बेवकूफ़ी/धमकी se li ho, toh rape hai.
धोखाधड़ी और संपत्ति की हानि
Original Text
Whoever cheats and dishonestly induces the person deceived to deliver any property, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 7 years, and fine.
Plain Language Explanation
Kisi ko dhokha dekar property ya money lena — Section 420 lagta hai. Maximum 7 saal saza.
पति या रिश्तेदारों द्वारा क्रूरता
Original Text
Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment up to 3 years, and fine.
Plain Language Explanation
Pati ya pati ke rish'tedaar dwara biwi ko tarsana — physical ya mental cruelty. 3 saal saza.
आपराधिक धमकी
Original Text
Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property, with intent to cause alarm, or to compel him to do an act which he is not legally bound to do.
Plain Language Explanation
Kisi ko dhamki dena ki usko nuksan pahunchayenge, taki wo ghabra ke koi kaam kare jo karna zaroori nahi — criminal intimidation hai.
⚠️ Key sections only — not exhaustive. For full text visit indiacode.nic.in or legislative.gov.in.